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The list of base verbs follows hereunder. For a list of verbs derived from base verbs, click here. |
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Bare Infinitive |
Simple Past |
Past Participle |
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be (am, are, is) |
was, were |
been |
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bore |
borne[*] |
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beat |
beat |
beaten |
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become |
became |
become |
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begin |
began |
begun |
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bend |
bent |
bent |
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bet |
bet or betted |
bet or betted |
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bid |
bid or bade |
bid or bidden |
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bind |
bound |
bound |
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bite |
bit |
bitten |
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bleed |
bled |
bled |
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blow |
blew |
blown |
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break |
broke |
broken |
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breed |
bred |
bred |
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bring |
brought |
brought |
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build |
built |
built |
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burn |
burnt or burned |
burnt or burned |
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burst |
burst |
burst |
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bust |
bust or busted |
bust or busted |
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buy |
bought |
bought |
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cast |
cast |
cast |
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catch |
caught |
caught |
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choose |
chose |
chosen |
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cling |
clung |
clung |
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come |
came |
come |
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cost |
cost[*] |
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creep |
crept |
crept |
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cut |
cut |
cut |
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deal |
dealt |
dealt |
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dig |
dug |
dug |
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dive |
dove or dived |
dived |
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do (does) |
did |
done |
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draw |
drew |
drawn |
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dream |
dreamt or dreamed |
dreamt or dreamed |
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drink |
drank |
drunk |
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drive |
drove |
driven |
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dwell |
dwelt or dwelled |
dwelt or dwelled |
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eat |
ate |
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echo (echoes[*]) |
echoed |
echoed |
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fall |
fell |
fallen |
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feed |
fed |
fed |
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feel |
felt |
felt |
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fight |
fought |
fought |
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find |
found |
found |
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flee |
fled |
fled |
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fling |
flung |
flung |
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fly (flies) |
flew |
flown |
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forsake |
forsook |
forsaken |
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freeze |
froze |
frozen |
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get |
got |
got or gotten |
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give |
gave |
given |
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go (goes) |
went |
gone |
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grind |
ground |
ground |
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grow |
grew |
grown |
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hung[*] |
hung[*] |
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have (has) |
had |
had |
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hear |
heard |
heard |
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hew |
hewed |
hewn or hewed |
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hide |
hid |
hidden |
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hit |
hit |
hit |
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hold |
held |
held |
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hurt |
hurt |
hurt |
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keep |
kept |
kept |
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kneel |
knelt or kneeled |
knelt or kneeled |
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knit |
knit or knitted |
knit or knitted |
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know |
knew |
known |
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lay |
laid |
laid |
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lead |
led |
led |
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lean |
leant or leaned |
leant or leaned |
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leap |
leapt or leaped |
leapt or leaped |
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learn |
learnt or learned |
learnt or learned |
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leave |
left |
left |
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lend |
lent |
lent |
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let |
let |
let |
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lay[*] |
lain[*] |
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light |
lit or lighted |
lit or lighted |
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lose |
lost |
lost |
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make |
made |
made |
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mean |
meant |
meant |
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meet |
met |
met |
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mow |
mowed |
mown or mowed |
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pay |
paid |
paid |
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prove |
proved |
proven or proved |
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put[*] |
put[*] |
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quit |
quit or quitted |
quit or quitted |
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read |
read |
read |
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rid |
rid or ridded |
rid or ridded |
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ride |
rode |
ridden |
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ring |
rang |
rung |
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rise |
rose |
risen |
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run |
ran |
run |
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saw |
sawed |
sawn or sawed |
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say |
said |
said |
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see |
saw |
seen |
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seek |
sought |
sought |
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sell |
sold |
sold |
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send |
sent |
sent |
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set |
set |
set |
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sew |
sewed |
sewn or sewed |
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shake |
shook |
shaken |
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shear |
sheared |
shorn or sheared |
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shed |
shed |
shed |
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shone[*] |
shone[*] |
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shoot |
shot |
shot |
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show |
showed |
shown or showed |
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shrank or shrunk |
shrunk[*] |
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shut |
shut |
shut |
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sing |
sang |
sung |
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sank |
sunk[*] |
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sit |
sat |
sat |
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slay |
slew |
slain |
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sleep |
slept |
slept |
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slide |
slid |
slid |
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sling |
slung |
slung |
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slink |
slunk |
slunk |
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slit |
slit |
slit |
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smell |
smelt or smelled |
smelt or smelled |
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sow |
sowed |
sown or sowed |
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speak |
spoke |
spoken |
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speed |
sped or speeded |
sped or speeded |
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spell |
spelt or spelled |
spelt or spelled |
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spend |
spent |
spent |
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spill |
spilt or spilled |
spilt or spilled |
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spin |
span or spun |
spun |
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spit |
spit or spat |
spit |
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split |
split |
split |
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spoil |
spoilt or spoiled |
spoilt or spoiled |
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spread |
spread |
spread |
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spring |
sprang or sprung |
sprung |
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stand |
stood |
stood |
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steal |
stole |
stolen |
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stick |
stuck |
stuck |
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sting |
stung |
stung |
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stink |
stank or stunk |
stunk |
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strew |
strewed |
strewn or strewed |
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stride |
strode |
stridden |
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strike |
struck |
struck |
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string |
strung |
strung |
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strive |
strove or strived |
striven or strived |
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swear |
swore |
sworn |
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sweep |
swept |
swept |
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swell |
swelled |
swollen or swelled |
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swim |
swam |
swum |
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swing |
swung |
swung |
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take |
took |
taken |
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teach |
taught |
taught |
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tear |
tore |
torn |
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tell |
told |
told |
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think |
thought |
thought |
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throw |
threw |
thrown |
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wake |
woke or waked |
woken or waked |
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wear |
wore |
worn |
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weave |
wove |
woven |
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wed |
wed or wedded |
wed or wedded |
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weep |
wept |
wept |
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wet |
wet or wetted |
wet or wetted |
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win |
won |
won |
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wind |
wound |
wound |
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wring |
wrung |
wrung |
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write |
wrote |
written |
A regular verb also exists ("hang", "hanged", "hanged") which points to wilful killing or accidental death by hanging.
But, unlike most past participles, shrunk cannot perform as an adjective, because there is an ad hoc adjective form: shrunken (A shrunken sweater is of no use).
But, unlike most past participles, sunk cannot perform as an adjective, because there is an ad hoc adjective form: sunken (A sunken Spanish galleon was located near this island).
The past participle born is limited to the construction "someone was born in ..."; otherwise, even when giving birth is meant, the borne form applies: "our neighbour has borne two daughters".
When meaning telling a lie (instead of lying down) this verb is regular: "lie", "lied", "lied".
When meant transitively as polishing shoes, a car body ... it may be found used regularly: "shine", "shined", "shined".
Some sources imply that "echo" is a regular verb, with only "echoing", "echoed" being reported.
Other sources hold that the peculiarity of "echo" as noun (with its "echoes" plural form) also shows in "echo" as verb at the 3rd person singular of the present tense: he / it / she echoes (instead of the regular form echos). Among the sources holding this view are:
Since computing lingo trickled into everyday speech, the form inputed surfaced. This variation of input as a verb is supposedly based on noun "input", not on verb "put". Such form seems sufficiently widespread to claim legitimacy for "inserting data into a computing system". For other uses, input should be used as simple past and past participle of "input".
Incorporating the character string of an irregular base verb doesn't make a derived verb irregular per se. A semantic link is also required: the meaning of "behave" is in no way related to "have" and its forms are regular: "behaved", "behaved".
A tentative list of non-base irregular verbs follows.