Optical instruments, eye


 

 

 

 

 

   

CUBES OF FLUORESCENT SUBSTANCES

 
 School
  Spano

  Function
  To study the fluorescence.
Maker:
Officine Galileo - Florence
Price: Purchase date: 1931

  Description
  We have a glass cube in uranium and some smaller cubes in fluorine and didymium glass.   If these substances are reached by a beam of U.V light, the layer in front gets very luminous and diffuses a light that gets paler in the deeper layers. Its colour changes with the sample under examination (green, blue, red). If we put two cubes in file, only the first shows the fluorescence.

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PHOSPHORESCENT SUBSTANCES

 
 School
  Spano

  Function
  To study the phosphorescence.
Maker:
Officine Galileo - Florence
Price: Purchase date: 1931

  Description
  We have three flat tubes closed and filled with phosphorescent substances that show a different colour. The phosphorescence is brighter and more durable when the substances are excited by a light rich of UV radiation or X rays.

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FLUORESCENT LIQUIDS

 
 School
  Pellegrini

  Function
  To study the fluorescence.
Maker:
Tarquini - Rome
Price: L 160 Purchase date: 1926

  Description
  On a rectangular wooden frame we have eight glass tubes which hold fluorescent liquids. The ensemble is completed by two wooden planes hinged on the frame. They are used to protect the tubes.   If the liquids are exposed to the light, they give radiations of different colours with very beautiful effects.

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APPARATUS FOR ILLUSTATING THE THEORY
OF THE COMPOUND MICROSCOPE

 
 School
  Spano

  Function
  To study the functioning of the microscope.
Maker:
Officine Galileo - Florence
Price: L 150 Purchase date: 1931

  Description
  A little bench supports some cursors with an elastic fork on a trapezoidal slide guide. They are used as support to the lenses and diaphragms. A legend indicates the position and the distance on which the single parts are placed.   The reference is facilitated by the lateral metric scale. It is opportune to use a fine metallic net or a small slide as object.

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SMALL OPTICAL BENCH FOR SHOWING THE THEORY OF TELESCOPES

 
 School
  Spano

  Function
  To study the functioning of the telescope.
Maker:
Officine Galileo - Florence
Price: L 200 Purchase date: 1931

  Description
  A bench is used as support. The spring forks can receive equally the lenses and diaphragms added to the apparatus, because the 4 cm diameter is the same for all. Directions with an image indicate the position of the single pieces to realize the different combinations (Galilean telescope, long and short; terrestrial and astronomical telescope).

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MODEL FOR THE DEMONSTATION OF THE THEORY OF PORRO'S PRISMATICAL TELESCOPE

 
 School
  Spano

  Function
  Functioning of Porro’s prismatic telescope.
Maker:
Officine Galileo - Florence
Price: L 190 Purchase date: 1931

  Description
  The apparatus shows clearly the path of the rays due to the different reflections and shows the way of forcing a big focal distance into a small format. The total internal reflection prisms are substituted by two couples of flat mirrors placed at right angle and with an inclination of 45 degrees considering the horizontal and vertical stretch of the rays.

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COMPOUND MICROSCOPE

 
 School
  Castelvė

  Function
  To learn the use of the microscope.
Maker:
F. Koristka - Milan
Price: L 110 Purchase date: 1890

  Description
  The instrument, in brass, is formed by two converging lenses, one called “eyepiece” on which the observer poses his eye. The other lens is the objective, directed towards the object to be observed. We can change the distance between the two lenses until we obtain a clear image.
  The objective is formed by a converging lens with a smoll focal distance and for this it produces an inverted, reduced and real image. If this image is formed at a shorter distance from the focal distance of the eyepiece, we obtain a right-side up, magnified and virtual image. The image is inverted compared to the object.
  It is demountable and is given with a wooden case.

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REFRACTING TELESCOPE


  Function
 
Maker: Unsigned Price: L 500 Purchase date: Cat. 1882

  Description
  The apparatus is made of a brass tube at the end of which we have the objective and the eyepiece. The tube is tied with a hinge to a pole that stand on a tripod.
  The objective is formed by a converging lens with a great focal distance and for this it produces an inverted, reduced and real image . If this image is formed at a shorter distance from the focal distance of the eyepiece, we obtain a right-side up, magnified and virtual image. The image is inverted compared to the object.

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WOLLASTON CAMERA LUCIDA

 
 School
  Azuni

  Function
  For the graphic reproduction of objects.
Maker:
Carpenter - London
Price: L 20 Purchase date: 1862

  Description
  The apparatus is formed by a vertical pole on whose top a prism and two lenses are placed. If we place the eye on a certain position, the images of two different zones get one over the other. If the object to reproduce is placed on one of these zones and the point of the pencil of the drawer is placed on the other zone, the drawer can follow the edges of the object to reproduce.

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CAMERA LUCIDA

 
 School
  Azuni

  Function
  For the graphic reproduction of objects.
Maker: Unsigned Price: Purchase date:

  Description
  Used with compound microscopes.

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THE TENT CAMERA OBSCURA

 
 School
  Azuni

  Function
  For the graphic reproduction of objects.
Maker: Unsigned Price: L 30 Purchase date: 1862

  Description
  It is formed by a brass cylinder inside which a prism with the rounded sides is placed. It can rotate on its horizontal axis. The inner side of the cylinder is closed with a cover. On the lateral surface there is a hole across which the images from the outside are collected. These are deviated across the prism towards the base of the cylinder and projected on a sheet, placed horizontally, on which we can trace the edges of the image.   The ensemble stands on a wooden basis with tripod and tent so that it is possible to create a camera obscura.

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CAMERA OBSCURA

 
 School
  Spano (1),   Castelvė (2)
(1)

  Function
  To study the camera obscura.
Maker:
(1) Officine Galileo - Florence
(2) Unsigned
Price:
L 160
-
Purchase date:
1931
Cat. 1923

  Description
  It is made in varnished wood, with a 45-degrees mirror, and a simple brass objective. The back side of the camera can be raised with a hinge.

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PESTALOZZI'S PROJECTOR

 
 School
  University

  Function
  Apparatus for projection.
Maker: Unsigned Price: L 227 Purchase date: 1912

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EPIDIASCOPE

 
 School
  Spano

  Function
  To project either transparent or opaque objects.
Maker:
Carl Zeiss - Jena
Price: Purchase date:

  Description
  The model has two different objectives for the projection of objects and for the projection of slides.

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CAMERA

 
 School
  Spano

  Function
  To show the functioning of a camera.
Maker: Best Price: Purchase date:

  Description
  The camera has a shifting bellows, a reflex and a sporting view-finder. Optics Compur. It uses 4 x 6 cm plates. A purse to keep three plates is supplied with it.

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CINEMATOGRAPH

 
 School
  Castelvė

  Function
  For projecting animated pictures.
Maker: Primus Price: L 25 Purchase date: Cat. 1923

  Description
  This cinematograph can be fixed in front of any existing optical lantern.

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STEREOSCOPE

 
 School
  Castelvė

  Function
  Stereoscopic view of photos of the First World War.
Maker: Unsigned Price: L 1000 Purchase date: 1926

  Description
  This model is of the type with a chain, a conveyor belt and a changeable belt bearer. The format of the photos is 16 x 13.   This small piece of furniture is in polished plywood with two eyepieces with a longitudinal shift, a lamp-holder that has the form of a bookstall and a plug for the current socket.

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APPARATUS FOR EXPLAINING THE THEORY OF THE EYE

 
 School
University (1),   Spano (2)
(1)

  Function
  Schematic model of the eye
Maker:
(1) Unsigned
(2)Officine Galileo - Florence
Price:
L 65
L 270
Purchase date:
Cat. 1882
1931

  Description
  (1) We have a little camera obscura with an objective and a screen. The ensemble is made of brass and stand on an iron tripod.
  By changing the distance between the objective and the screen we can obtain the situation of a far-sighted, normal or short-sighted eye.
  In the case of the far-sighted or short-sighted eye we can obtain a neat image on the screen by placing on of the two additional lenses placed outside of the eye before the objective.

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